ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the time-toxicity and dose-toxicity relationships caused by multiple dose of total Bupleurum saponin extracts to rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were picked according to different time or dose points, and total Bupleurum saponin crude extracts were administered to rats. The death circumstance and toxicity of mice were observed, ALT and AST in serum were detected. Indice of the liver, index was calculated. And the morphological changes of liver tissue were observed under light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The "time-toxicity" relationship study showed that ALT and AST in rats' serum began to increase after 7 days' administration, and with obvious hepatotoxicity after 15 days', then there was concurrent toxicity and death. The "dose-toxicity" relationship study showed that compared with the control group, the total Bupleurum saponin crude extracts between 51. 2 and 125.0 g x kg(-1) dose could cause the obvious hepatotoxicity to rats in 15 days' administration, which was represented by that ALT and AST in serum increased significantly with the dose increased, the ratio of liver to body increased, and under light microscope, the different doses' liver tissue of mice all had edema in different degree and fatty degeneration in liver cells, and the high-dose and long time administration group appeared to be necrosis, lobular structure unclear. The above-mentioned change gradually aggravated with dose increasing, and obviously diversity compared with distilled water control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With administrated a multiple dose and long time to rats, the total Bupleurum saponins crude extracts could cause serious liver injury and even death, and there were certain time-toxicity and dose-toxicity relationships.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Alanine Transaminase , Metabolism , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Metabolism , Bupleurum , Chemistry , Complex Mixtures , Toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Liver , Pathology , Rats, Wistar , Saponins , Chemistry , Time Factors , Toxicity Tests , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and the protective effect of muscone.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>PC12 cells were randomly divided into six groups: normal group (Normal), model group injured by glutamate (Glu), nimodipine group (Nim) and muskone groups (Mus) of high, middle and low doses. The PC12 cells were pretreated with or without different concentrations of muskone for 30 min and then exposed to glutamate. MTT assay for cell survival, flow cytometric detection of apoptotic cells, DCF assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and flow cytometric assay was performed to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cell.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>PC12 cell damage, the concentrations of [Ca2+], and apoptosis induced by Glu were decreased after being administrated with paeoniflorin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Muskone inhibited Glu-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The mechanism is related to inhibiting intracellular Ca2+ overload and maintaining mitochondral membrance potential.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Apoptosis , Calcium , Metabolism , Cell Survival , Cycloparaffins , Pharmacology , Glutamic Acid , Pharmacology , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial , PC12 Cells , Pheochromocytoma , Metabolism , Protective Agents , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To develop an HPLC method for the determination of chlorogenic acid in Xiao'er Yinniu Granula.Methods A Phenomenex ODS C18 column (4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m) was used,column temperature was at 20 ℃,methanol-0.4 %phosphoric acid water solution(20:80)was used as the mobile phase,the flow rate was 1 mL?min-1,and the detection wavelength was 327 nm.Results The calibration curve of chlorogenic acid was linear between 0.284～1.704 ?g (r=0.999 6),the average recovery and the relative standard deviation were 96.19 %and 1.16 %(n=5),respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,by whihc chlorogenic acid can be better separated from Xiao'er Yinniu Granula.This method can be used for quality control of Xiao'er Yinniu Granula.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of muscone on the blood-brain barrier and neuropathological changes after complete cerebral ischemia/reperfusion of rats.Methods The global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established by the four-vessel occlusion(4VO) method,and then the model animals were given high-,middle-and low-dose muscone.Meanwhile,sham-operation group,model group,and positive control group were also set up.The rats neuroethology behavior,and the contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA) and excitatory amino acid(EAA) in ischemic brain tissue were examined.Results Muscone increased SOD content,lowered MDA content,reduced the increase of EAA content caused by ischemia and hypoxia,and inhibited the excitatory neurotoxicity caused by EAA.Conclusion Muscone has obvious protective effect on rats with complete cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.